活性炭吸附酚類化合物

　　橄欖油(you)廢(fei)水中酚類化(hua)合(he)物的處理主要由活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)吸(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)。本(ben)期(qi)將帶您了解活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)吸(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)劑量(liang)和(he)溫度的影(ying)響。在*佳條件下(每100毫升8克(ke)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan))，每克(ke)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)表示當量(liang)mg活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)的*大吸(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)量(liang)為(wei)10.8℃時(shi)為(wei)35.8℃，25℃為(wei)35.4℃，40℃時(shi)為(wei)36.1℃ C。偽二階模型被認為(wei)是*適合(he)動力學結果和(he)選擇的Langmuir等溫線能更好地描述吸(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)系統。結果證實(shi)了活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)從橄欖油(you)流出物中去除(chu)幾乎所有酚類化(hua)合(he)物的效(xiao)率。

　　橄(gan)欖油行業產生(sheng)巨大的(de)環境影響。橄(gan)欖油廢水是(shi)含有痕量(liang)橄(gan)欖漿、果膠和油的(de)酸(suan)性(xing)(xing)液體，是(shi)提取(qu)橄(gan)欖油的(de)主要(yao)殘留物(wu)之一(yi)(pH = 5-5.5)。此外(wai)，據報道，有機物(wu)的(de)存在(zai)，特別(bie)是(shi)多酚，與廢物(wu)對土(tu)壤(rang)、水生(sheng)和空氣生(sheng)態系統的(de)負面影響有關。游離脂肪酸(suan)和無機鹽(yan)是(shi)橄(gan)欖油廢水中植物(wu)毒(du)性(xing)(xing)和生(sheng)物(wu)降解性(xing)(xing)差的(de)主要(yao)原因(yin)。因(yin)此，越(yue)來越(yue)重視找(zhao)到(dao)合適的(de)控(kong)制污(wu)染物(wu)的(de)方法。后來發現活性(xing)(xing)炭可以很(hen)好地控(kong)制有機物(wu)的(de)污(wu)染。

　　*近，活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)被(bei)廣泛(fan)用于去(qu)(qu)除水(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)機(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)對(dui)(dui)酚(fen)(fen)(fen)類等低(di)分子(zi)量(liang)有(you)(you)機(ji)化(hua)(hua)合(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)具(ju)有(you)(you)完美的吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)能力。活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)上(shang)的吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)是兩相界面中物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)積累的物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)理或(huo)化(hua)(hua)學過(guo)程(cheng)。活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)通(tong)過(guo)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)引分子(zi)和微(wei)孔或(huo)介孔壁來(lai)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)。用于除臭、溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)回收、脫色(se)、脫氯、臭氧湮滅的活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)，H 2 S / CS 2.去(qu)(qu)除、黃金回收、過(guo)濾、氣(qi)體(ti)凈化(hua)(hua)、工業(ye)廢(fei)水(shui)處理、飲(yin)用水(shui)凈化(hua)(hua)等。。雖然有(you)(you)報道稱酚(fen)(fen)(fen)類化(hua)(hua)合(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)從活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)溶(rong)(rong)液中吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)，但很少有(you)(you)人關注多組分溶(rong)(rong)液的吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)特性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。多酚(fen)(fen)(fen)作為(wei)(wei)生物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)化(hua)(hua)合(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)促使(shi)我們通(tong)過(guo)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)從廢(fei)水(shui)中回收多酚(fen)(fen)(fen)，因(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)機(ji)化(hua)(hua)合(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)再生吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)劑(ji)的過(guo)程(cheng)對(dui)(dui)當前(qian)的研究構(gou)成(cheng)了一個重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的問(wen)題，因(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)它們對(dui)(dui)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)劑(ji)具(ju)有(you)(you)較(jiao)高的親和力表面。幾種技(ji)術(shu)，如化(hua)(hua)學降解(jie)和超(chao)聲，已被(bei)用性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)解(jie)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)酚(fen)(fen)(fen)。NaOH溶(rong)(rong)液被(bei)證(zheng)明是從活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)中形成(cheng)苯酚(fen)(fen)(fen)鈉鹽(yan)的有(you)(you)效酚(fen)(fen)(fen)類物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)，可(ke)以(yi)促進解(jie)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。不同(tong)的因(yin)(yin)素影響(xiang)(xiang)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)能力，如吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)劑(ji)孔結(jie)構(gou)的物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)理性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)、官能團(tuan)、吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)、分子(zi)量(liang)、大小和溶(rong)(rong)液條件(jian)(pH和離子(zi)強度)。表面電荷與(yu)pH酚(fen)(fen)(fen)類的變化(hua)(hua)會影響(xiang)(xiang)酚(fen)(fen)(fen)類的可(ke)逆和不可(ke)逆吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收。這可(ke)能是因(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)酚(fen)(fen)(fen)類化(hua)(hua)合(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)隨之而(er)來(lai)pH降低(di)和增加活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，對(dui)(dui)化(hua)(hua)合(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)攝入的影響(xiang)(xiang)pH值遠低(di)于溶(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)p K a時間應該是*小的。從不可(ke)逆吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)的依賴性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)可(ke)以(yi)得出結(jie)論(lun)：酚(fen)(fen)(fen)類化(hua)(hua)合(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的氧化(hua)(hua)偶聯比酸性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)介質(zhi)(zhi)更容易堿性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。

　　活(huo)性炭濃度和(he)溫度的影(ying)響

　　活性炭(tan)濃(nong)(nong)度是控制吸附(fu)的(de)重要因素(su)。溫(wen)(wen)度是影(ying)響任何吸附(fu)過程的(de)附(fu)加(jia)因素(su)。因此，室(shi)溫(wen)(wen)(25)在(zai)三個不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)溫(wen)(wen)度下℃)，高于(40℃)和波紋管(10℃)測(ce)試(shi)。吸附(fu)劑濃(nong)(nong)度從1到8，以觀察溫(wen)(wen)度和吸附(fu)劑量對多酚(fen)吸附(fu)的(de)影(ying)響g / 100mL變化。使用相(xiang)同(tong)數量的(de)廢水(shui)(25mL)而(er)且酚(fen)濃(nong)(nong)度恒(heng)定(3).0mg / mL)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)性炭(tan)量(0.25、0.5、1.0、1.5和2.0g)。不(bu)(bu)同(tong)溫(wen)(wen)度下的(de)吸附(fu)趨(qu)勢可以在(zai)圖中(zhong)觀察到。

　　吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)量(liang)在(zai)每個測量(liang)溫(wen)度下(q e)隨(sui)著活(huo)性(xing)炭濃(nong)度的(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)加而降(jiang)低(di)。高濃(nong)度活(huo)性(xing)炭(8 g / 100mL)表面活(huo)性(xing)位點和(he)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)物質分子的(de)(de)飽和(he)度不會(hui)導致(zhi)(zhi)更明顯的(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)。初(chu)始(shi)酚濃(nong)度為(wei)0.01g / L廢水(shui)中(zhong)活(huo)性(xing)炭濃(nong)度為(wei)0.02增(zeng)(zeng)加到0.14g，苯酚的(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)會(hui)導致(zhi)(zhi)5%的(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)加。活(huo)性(xing)炭濃(nong)度為(wei)8g / 100mL在(zai)不同的(de)(de)施(shi)加溫(wen)度下，如(ru)10、25和(he)40，沒(mei)有明顯的(de)(de)變化℃吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)容量(liang)分別為(wei)35.8,35.4和(he)36.1mg / g。隨(sui)著溫(wen)度的(de)(de)降(jiang)低(di)，酚類對顆(ke)粒活(huo)性(xing)炭的(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)能力增(zeng)(zeng)加。

　　使用不同濃度的(de)(de)活(huo)性炭(1、2、4、6和(he)(he)8)g / 100mL)和(he)(he)溫(wen)度(10，25和(he)(he)45℃)從(cong)橄欖磨廢水中去(qu)除(chu)酚(fen)類(lei)化(hua)合物(wu)，進行(xing)批量(liang)吸附(fu)試驗(yan)。在(zai)(zai)*佳條件下(xia)(8g活(huo)性炭/ 100mL)，活(huo)性炭*大吸附(fu)容量(liang)為(wei)10℃為(wei)35.8mg / g，25℃為(wei)35.4mg / g，在(zai)(zai)40℃為(wei)36.1mg / g。通(tong)過(guo)Langmuir在(zai)(zai)三個不同的(de)(de)溫(wen)度下(xia)，等溫(wen)線滿(man)意地(di)(di)擬合了(le)總(zong)多酚(fen)吸附(fu)的(de)(de)平衡(heng)數(shu)據。偽二階模型(xing)(R 2 > 0.9204)偽一階模型(xing)(R 2<0.吸附(fu)動力(li)學比8750更好地(di)(di)解釋(shi)。結果表明，活(huo)性炭可以有效地(di)(di)用作(zuo)從(cong)橄欖油工(gong)業廢水中去(qu)除(chu)酚(fen)類(lei)化(hua)合物(wu)的(de)(de)吸附(fu)劑。作(zuo)為(wei)生物(wu)乙醇生產的(de)(de)清潔底物(wu)，預處理廢水具(ju)有潛力(li)，在(zai)(zai)環境和(he)(he)經濟上(shang)獲得了(le)額外的(de)(de)好處。此(ci)外，食品和(he)(he)化(hua)妝品行(xing)業可回收(shou)和(he)(he)純化(hua)吸附(fu)酚(fen)類(lei)化(hua)合物(wu)。