定制活性炭官能團

　　本文介紹(shao)了活(huo)性(xing)(xing)炭(tan)的介紹(shao)O，S和N基(ji)團，使活(huo)性(xing)(xing)炭(tan)表(biao)(biao)面化學(xue)改性(xing)(xing)。受(shou)控(kong)條件下，活(huo)性(xing)(xing)炭(tan)表(biao)(biao)面采(cai)用(yong)濃(nong)度(du)(du)HNO 3選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)性(xing)(xing)氧化。紅外光譜和表(biao)(biao)征通(tong)過熱(re)重分析(xi)NaOH主要(yao)是(shi)滴(di)定(ding)建議(yi)-COOH和少量的-OH基(ji)團的形(xing)成，具有(you)大約4.10濃(nong)度(du)(du)為21/克炭(tan)。表(biao)(biao)面改性(xing)(xing)在選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)性(xing)(xing)純化工(gong)藝、氣(qi)體分離(li)、溶劑(ji)回收(shou)、飲用(yong)水凈(jing)化、氣(qi)味吸附、氣(qi)味等微量污染物、離(li)子金屬吸附交換性(xing)(xing)能、催(cui)化劑(ji)制備、附著現象、電(dian)極改性(xing)(xing)和聚(ju)合物技術等工(gong)業和環境中的應用(yong)。

　　活性(xing)(xing)炭是*重要(yao)的工(gong)業吸(xi)附劑(ji)/載體(ti)之(zhi)一，可(ke)通(tong)過椰殼、木材(cai)、泥(ni)炭、煤(mei)等大(da)量原料(liao)進行(xing)(xing)碳(tan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)活化(hua)(hua)(hua)。這(zhe)(zhe)些活性(xing)(xing)炭表(biao)現出高(gao)度(du)開(kai)發的多孔結構(gou)和(he)(he)大(da)的內(nei)部比(bi)表(biao)面(mian)積，通(tong)常大(da)于(yu)(yu)600m 2 / g，但通(tong)常超過20000m 2 / g 。由于(yu)(yu)這(zhe)(zhe)種高(gao)表(biao)面(mian)積和(he)(he)多孔結構(gou)， 它能吸(xi)收分(fen)散(san)或(huo)溶解在(zai)液體(ti)中的氣(qi)體(ti)和(he)(he)化(hua)(hua)(hua)合(he)物(wu)(wu)。這(zhe)(zhe)些碳(tan)的吸(xi)附/吸(xi)附效率取(qu)決于(yu)(yu)其(qi)表(biao)面(mian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)特性(xing)(xing)。因此，活性(xing)(xing)炭的表(biao)面(mian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)改性(xing)(xing)對于(yu)(yu)生產(chan)(chan)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)特定應用(yong)的材(cai)料(liao)具有重要(yao)意(yi)義。改性(xing)(xing)主要(yao)采用(yong)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)法(fa)進行(xing)(xing)，產(chan)(chan)生更親水(shui)的結構(gou)，含(han)(han)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)量大(da)。各種試劑(ji)已被用(yong)作氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)：濃(nong)硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)或(huo)硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)、次(ci)氯(lv)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鈉(na)、高(gao)錳酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)、重鉻酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)、過氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)氫、過氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)氫、過氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)氫、過氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)氫的氣(qi)體(ti)混合(he)物(wu)(wu)。發現表(biao)面(mian)結構(gou)的類型(xing)及其(qi)形成程度(du)取(qu)決于(yu)(yu)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)，氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)液的濃(nong)度(du)和(he)(he)pH 。雖然眾(zhong)所(suo)周知，氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)基是在(zai)碳(tan)表(biao)面(mian)產(chan)(chan)生的，但活性(xing)(xing)炭表(biao)面(mian)是化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)改性(xing)(xing)的，以引(yin)入含(han)(han)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、含(han)(han)氮和(he)(he)硫(liu)的基團。

　　簡(jian)要介紹兩種活性炭的反應

　　HNO 3 處理(*