定制活性炭官能團

　　本文介紹(shao)了活(huo)(huo)性(xing)炭(tan)的介紹(shao)O，S和N基團，使活(huo)(huo)性(xing)炭(tan)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)化(hua)(hua)學改(gai)性(xing)。受控條件下，活(huo)(huo)性(xing)炭(tan)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)采用濃(nong)(nong)度HNO 3選(xuan)擇性(xing)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)。紅外光譜和表(biao)征通(tong)過熱重分析NaOH主要是滴定建議-COOH和少量(liang)的-OH基團的形成(cheng)，具(ju)有大(da)約4.10濃(nong)(nong)度為21/克(ke)炭(tan)。表(biao)面(mian)(mian)改(gai)性(xing)在選(xuan)擇性(xing)純化(hua)(hua)工(gong)藝、氣體分離(li)、溶(rong)劑回收、飲用水凈(jing)化(hua)(hua)、氣味吸附、氣味等微量(liang)污染物、離(li)子金屬吸附交(jiao)換性(xing)能、催化(hua)(hua)劑制(zhi)備、附著現象、電極(ji)改(gai)性(xing)和聚合物技術等工(gong)業(ye)和環境中的應用。

　　活性(xing)(xing)炭是*重要的(de)工(gong)業(ye)吸附劑(ji)/載體(ti)之(zhi)一(yi)，可通(tong)過(guo)椰殼(ke)、木材、泥炭、煤等(deng)大(da)量原料進(jin)(jin)行(xing)碳(tan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)活化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。這(zhe)些活性(xing)(xing)炭表(biao)(biao)現(xian)(xian)出高度(du)開發的(de)多孔結構和(he)(he)大(da)的(de)內部比表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)，通(tong)常大(da)于(yu)600m 2 / g，但(dan)通(tong)常超(chao)過(guo)20000m 2 / g 。由于(yu)這(zhe)種高表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)和(he)(he)多孔結構， 它能吸收(shou)分散(san)或溶解在(zai)(zai)液體(ti)中的(de)氣體(ti)和(he)(he)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)合物。這(zhe)些碳(tan)的(de)吸附/吸附效率取(qu)決于(yu)其(qi)(qi)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學特性(xing)(xing)。因此，活性(xing)(xing)炭的(de)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學改性(xing)(xing)對(dui)于(yu)生(sheng)產(chan)用(yong)于(yu)特定應用(yong)的(de)材料具有(you)重要意義。改性(xing)(xing)主要采(cai)用(yong)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)法進(jin)(jin)行(xing)，產(chan)生(sheng)更親水的(de)結構，含氧(yang)(yang)量大(da)。各種試劑(ji)已被(bei)用(yong)作氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)：濃(nong)硝酸(suan)鹽(yan)或硫酸(suan)鹽(yan)、次氯(lv)酸(suan)鈉、高錳酸(suan)鹽(yan)、重鉻酸(suan)鹽(yan)、過(guo)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)氫、過(guo)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)氫、過(guo)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)氫、過(guo)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)氫的(de)氣體(ti)混(hun)合物。發現(xian)(xian)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)結構的(de)類型及其(qi)(qi)形(xing)成程度(du)取(qu)決于(yu)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)，氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)液的(de)濃(nong)度(du)和(he)(he)pH 。雖然眾所周(zhou)知，氧(yang)(yang)基(ji)是在(zai)(zai)碳(tan)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)，但(dan)活性(xing)(xing)炭表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)是化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學改性(xing)(xing)的(de)，以引入含氧(yang)(yang)、含氮(dan)和(he)(he)硫的(de)基(ji)團。

　　簡要介(jie)紹兩種活性(xing)炭的(de)反應

　　HNO 3 處理(*