定制活性炭官能團

　　本文介(jie)紹了活性(xing)(xing)炭的(de)介(jie)紹O，S和N基(ji)團，使活性(xing)(xing)炭表面化(hua)學改性(xing)(xing)。受控條(tiao)件下(xia)，活性(xing)(xing)炭表面采用濃度(du)HNO 3選擇性(xing)(xing)氧化(hua)。紅外光譜和表征通(tong)過熱重分析(xi)NaOH主要是滴定(ding)建議(yi)-COOH和少量的(de)-OH基(ji)團的(de)形成(cheng)，具有大約4.10濃度(du)為21/克炭。表面改性(xing)(xing)在選擇性(xing)(xing)純(chun)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)藝、氣體分離(li)、溶劑回(hui)收、飲用水凈化(hua)、氣味吸(xi)附、氣味等(deng)微量污(wu)染物、離(li)子(zi)金屬吸(xi)附交換性(xing)(xing)能、催(cui)化(hua)劑制備、附著現象、電(dian)極(ji)改性(xing)(xing)和聚合物技術等(deng)工(gong)(gong)業和環境中(zhong)的(de)應用。

　　活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭是*重要(yao)的工業吸附劑/載(zai)體之(zhi)一，可(ke)通過(guo)(guo)(guo)椰殼、木材(cai)、泥炭、煤(mei)等(deng)大量原料(liao)進行(xing)碳(tan)化(hua)(hua)和(he)活化(hua)(hua)。這些(xie)活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭表(biao)現出(chu)高(gao)度開(kai)發的多(duo)孔(kong)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)和(he)大的內部比表(biao)面(mian)(mian)積，通常大于(yu)(yu)(yu)600m 2 / g，但(dan)通常超過(guo)(guo)(guo)20000m 2 / g 。由于(yu)(yu)(yu)這種(zhong)高(gao)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)積和(he)多(duo)孔(kong)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)， 它(ta)能吸收分散或溶解在液(ye)體中的氣(qi)體和(he)化(hua)(hua)合(he)物。這些(xie)碳(tan)的吸附/吸附效率(lv)取(qu)決(jue)于(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。因此，活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭的表(biao)面(mian)(mian)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)改性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)對于(yu)(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)產用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)特(te)定(ding)應用(yong)的材(cai)料(liao)具(ju)有重要(yao)意義(yi)。改性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)主要(yao)采用(yong)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)法進行(xing)，產生(sheng)(sheng)更(geng)親(qin)水的結(jie)構(gou)(gou)，含(han)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)量大。各種(zhong)試(shi)劑已被用(yong)作氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)劑：濃硝酸鹽(yan)(yan)或硫酸鹽(yan)(yan)、次氯酸鈉、高(gao)錳酸鹽(yan)(yan)、重鉻酸鹽(yan)(yan)、過(guo)(guo)(guo)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)氫(qing)、過(guo)(guo)(guo)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)氫(qing)、過(guo)(guo)(guo)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)氫(qing)、過(guo)(guo)(guo)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)氫(qing)的氣(qi)體混合(he)物。發現表(biao)面(mian)(mian)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)的類(lei)型及其(qi)形成程度取(qu)決(jue)于(yu)(yu)(yu)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)劑，氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)液(ye)的濃度和(he)pH 。雖(sui)然眾所周知，氧(yang)(yang)(yang)基是在碳(tan)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)產生(sheng)(sheng)的，但(dan)活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭表(biao)面(mian)(mian)是化(hua)(hua)學(xue)改性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的，以引入含(han)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)、含(han)氮和(he)硫的基團。

　　簡(jian)要介紹兩(liang)種活性(xing)炭(tan)的反應

　　HNO 3 處理(*