活性炭涂(tu)層電極去除粉(fen)塵

　　除空氣(qi)環(huan)境中(zhong)的顆(ke)粒物外，還有二(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)化氮、一氧(yang)(yang)化碳(tan)、二(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)化碳(tan)、碳(tan)氫(qing)化合物、硫(liu)氧(yang)(yang)化物、臭氧(yang)(yang)等(deng)各種(zhong)污染物。這些問題(ti)主要(yao)來自(zi)車輛廢氣(qi)。這些污染物對(dui)身體有害(hai)。

　　此外，靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)是(shi)指主要用(yong)于上述空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)污染物(wu)(wu)處(chu)理顆(ke)粒物(wu)(wu)的(de)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)污染防(fang)治設施，包括靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)。基于重力的(de)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)可以用(yong)重力捕捉灰塵(chen)(chen)(chen)。雖然不(bu)適合去(qu)(qu)除(chu)(chu)較(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)的(de)顆(ke)粒，但以較(jiao)(jiao)低的(de)操(cao)作成本去(qu)(qu)除(chu)(chu)較(jiao)(jiao)大的(de)顆(ke)粒顯示出良好(hao)的(de)效率。靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)比(bi)其(qi)他技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(如過濾除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)、重力除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)和離(li)心除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen))更有效，即使(shi)是(shi)直徑較(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)的(de)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)。但有缺點(dian)(dian)： 灰塵(chen)(chen)(chen)收集需要高(gao)能(neng)量(liang)，獨立使(shi)用(yong)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統很(hen)難去(qu)(qu)除(chu)(chu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)。此外，它還產生(sheng)氮氧化物(wu)(wu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，可產生(sheng)被稱(cheng)為有害氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)。為了避免(mian)這一缺點(dian)(dian)，濕式靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)已經開(kai)發出來(lai)，但也(ye)存(cun)在清(qing)潔水(shui)滴(di)、除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)板上形成干斑、清(qing)潔水(shui)處(chu)理廢(fei)水(shui)等問(wen)題 。

　　本文介紹了活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(AC)涂層(ceng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)除塵系(xi)統。活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭具(ju)有(you)內(nei)部比(bi)表面積(ji)大、吸(xi)收能力(li)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點。由于其多(duo)孔性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)優點，活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭被廣泛(fan)用(yong)(yong)于吸(xi)收污(wu)染物(wu)(wu)。基于雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高比(bi)表面積(ji)(EDLC)許多(duo)研究已(yi)經被用(yong)(yong)于使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。EDLC是(shi)指在固體電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)解質之間產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)雙層(ceng)中積(ji)累(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)裝置。雖然其能量(liang)密(mi)(mi)度低于電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)能量(liang)密(mi)(mi)度，但(dan)快速充放可(ke)以(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)優異的(de)(de)(de)(de)功率密(mi)(mi)度特性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)來加載即時電(dian)(dian)(dian)源。據認為，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)具(ju)有(you)高密(mi)(mi)度電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)可(ke)以(yi)在沒有(you)任何(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈放電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下達到預期的(de)(de)(de)(de)除塵效(xiao)(xiao)率，從而耐受(shou)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能量(liang)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，防止(zhi)氮氧化(hua)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)生(sheng)。

　　考慮到活性炭吸收空(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)污(wu)染物(wu)的(de)特(te)性，在(zai)靜電(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)過程中(zhong)被認為(wei)非(fei)常適合(he)除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)和單一(yi)工藝去(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)氣(qi)體物(wu)質。此(ci)(ci)外(wai)，引入重力裝置補充因無電(dian)(dian)暈放電(dian)(dian)而(er)降低除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)效率。將活(huo)性炭(tan)材料涂層電(dian)(dian)極(ji)引入靜電(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)過程，確(que)定除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)效率，去(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)氣(qi)體物(wu)質。為(wei)此(ci)(ci)，將活(huo)性炭(tan)涂在(zai)鋁板(ban)上(shang)作為(wei)導體制造(zao)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)。然后，根據各種電(dian)(dian)壓和不同數量板(ban)的(de)條件(jian)，確(que)定活(huo)性炭(tan)涂層電(dian)(dian)極(ji)的(de)消除(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)和除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)效率。

　　制備活性炭涂層

　　由于活性炭(tan)(tan)含有大量的金(jin)屬(shu)離(li)(li)子，當(dang)電(dian)流應用(yong)于活性炭(tan)(tan)涂(tu)層電(dian)極(ji)時(shi)，可能(neng)會(hui)發(fa)生電(dian)阻。預處理(li)活性炭(tan)(tan)以防止電(dian)阻，用(yong)酸溶液清洗(xi)(xi)以去除任何(he)金(jin)屬(shu)離(li)(li)子。活性炭(tan)(tan)用(yong)100℃用(yong)沸水洗(xi)(xi)凈，然后(hou)用(yong)沸鹽酸溶液(0.1N)洗(xi)(xi)滌3次。用(yong)酸處理(li)后(hou)，用(yong)蒸(zheng)餾水清洗(xi)(xi)干燥。通過電(dian)感耦合等離(li)(li)子體取酸洗(xi)(xi)清液(ICP)金(jin)屬(shu)離(li)(li)子含量分析鑒定。

　　活(huo)(huo)性(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)平板電極(ji)涂(tu)料(liao)包括(kuo)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)、黑(hei)碳和(he)聚醋酸(suan)(suan)乙烯酯(PVAc)。將(jiang)酸(suan)(suan)處理活(huo)(huo)性(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)與黑(hei)碳混合，降低電阻，然后添加PVAc支撐電極(ji)表(biao)面(mian)的涂(tu)層(ceng)。黑(hei)碳和(he)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)PVAc混合比(bi)(bi)來自以前的研究(jiu)。將(jiang)甲醇注入(ru)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)混合物中(zhong)，以確保電極(ji)表(biao)面(mian)涂(tu)層(ceng)均勻(yun)，防止其去除。甲醇注入(ru)量(liang)通過試(shi)驗評估(gu)溶(rong)解三種材(cai)料(liao)，對涂(tu)層(ceng)程序無(wu)負(fu)面(mian)影響。將(jiang)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)和(he)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)作為電極(ji)的內部(bu)比(bi)(bi)表(biao)面(mian)積進(jin)行測量(liang)和(he)比(bi)(bi)較。

　　活性(xing)炭集塵性(xing)能測試結果

　　當引入活性(xing)(xing)炭(tan)涂(tu)層電(dian)(dian)極時，補充現(xian)有(you)的(de)(de)靜電(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)技術。金屬離子(zi)通過(guo)活性(xing)(xing)炭(tan)預(yu)處理去除(chu)，比表(biao)面(mian)積增加(jia)。確(que)定活性(xing)(xing)炭(tan)，黑碳，PVAc與甲醇對活性(xing)(xing)炭(tan)平板電(dian)(dian)極涂(tu)層材料的(de)(de)*佳混合比，然后制作電(dian)(dian)極。氣(qi)體去除(chu)和(he)除(chu)塵(chen)實(shi)驗采用制造(zao)電(dian)(dian)極進(jin)(jin)行。在(zai)間歇(xie)性(xing)(xing)氣(qi)體去除(chu)實(shi)驗中，在(zai)前10秒內輕松(song)去除(chu)高(gao)濃(nong)度NH3和(he)H 2S氣(qi)體。隨著時間的(de)(de)推移，反應速率(lv)(lv)下降(jiang)。在(zai)集塵(chen)研究中，確(que)認高(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓(10kV而不是5kV)在(zai)這種情況下進(jin)(jin)行除(chu)塵(chen)是有(you)益的(de)(de)，當施加(jia)更(geng)多的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)極時，除(chu)塵(chen)效率(lv)(lv)就會提高(gao)。除(chu)塵(chen)量高(gao)達90%，進(jin)(jin)水粉(fen)塵(chen)濃(nong)度高(gao)(3000-4000微克/米3)，即使(shi)收集高(gao)濃(nong)度粉(fen)塵(chen)，也表(biao)現(xian)出有(you)前途的(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)能。