活性(xing)炭(tan)涂層電極去除粉(fen)塵(chen)

　　除空氣(qi)環(huan)境中的(de)顆粒物(wu)外，還有二氧(yang)化氮、一氧(yang)化碳、二氧(yang)化碳、碳氫(qing)化合物(wu)、硫氧(yang)化物(wu)、臭氧(yang)等各種(zhong)污染(ran)物(wu)。這(zhe)些(xie)問題主要(yao)來自車輛廢氣(qi)。這(zhe)些(xie)污染(ran)物(wu)對身體有害。

　　此外，靜(jing)電除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)技(ji)術(shu)是(shi)指主要用(yong)于上(shang)述(shu)空(kong)氣污染物(wu)處理顆(ke)(ke)粒物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)氣污染防治設施，包括靜(jing)電除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)技(ji)術(shu)。基于重力(li)的(de)(de)(de)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)技(ji)術(shu)可(ke)以(yi)用(yong)重力(li)捕捉(zhuo)灰塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)。雖然不適合(he)去(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)較(jiao)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)顆(ke)(ke)粒，但(dan)以(yi)較(jiao)低的(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo)成(cheng)本去(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)顆(ke)(ke)粒顯示出良好的(de)(de)(de)效率(lv)。靜(jing)電除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)技(ji)術(shu)比其他(ta)技(ji)術(shu)(如過濾除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)、重力(li)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)和離(li)心(xin)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen))更有效，即(ji)使是(shi)直徑較(jiao)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)。但(dan)有缺(que)點： 灰塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)收(shou)集(ji)需要高能量，獨立(li)使用(yong)靜(jing)電系統很(hen)難去(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)氣體物(wu)質(zhi)。此外，它還產生氮氧化物(wu)電暈(yun)放電，可(ke)產生被稱為有害(hai)氣體物(wu)質(zhi)。為了避免這一缺(que)點，濕式(shi)靜(jing)電除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)技(ji)術(shu)已經(jing)開(kai)發出來(lai)，但(dan)也存(cun)在清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)水滴、除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)板上(shang)形(xing)成(cheng)干斑、清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)水處理廢(fei)水等問題 。

　　本(ben)文(wen)介紹(shao)了活性(xing)炭的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(AC)涂層(ceng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)除(chu)塵(chen)系統。活性(xing)炭具有(you)(you)內(nei)部比表面(mian)積大(da)、吸收(shou)能(neng)(neng)力高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)。由于(yu)(yu)其(qi)多孔性(xing)優點(dian)，活性(xing)炭被(bei)廣泛用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)吸收(shou)污(wu)染物。基于(yu)(yu)雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)比表面(mian)積(EDLC)許多研究(jiu)已經被(bei)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。EDLC是指在固體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質之間(jian)產生的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雙層(ceng)中積累電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)(de)裝置(zhi)。雖然(ran)其(qi)能(neng)(neng)量密(mi)度低于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量密(mi)度，但快速充放可以(yi)產生優異的(de)(de)(de)功率(lv)密(mi)度特性(xing)來(lai)加載即時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。據認為，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)具有(you)(you)高(gao)(gao)密(mi)度電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)(de)活性(xing)炭電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)可以(yi)在沒有(you)(you)任何電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)情況下達到預期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)除(chu)塵(chen)效率(lv)，從(cong)而(er)耐受有(you)(you)效的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，防(fang)止(zhi)氮氧化物的(de)(de)(de)產生。

　　考慮到活性炭吸收(shou)空氣中(zhong)污(wu)染物(wu)(wu)的特(te)性(xing)(xing)，在靜電(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵過程中(zhong)被認為非常適合除(chu)(chu)塵和(he)單一工藝去除(chu)(chu)氣體物(wu)(wu)質。此外(wai)，引入(ru)重力(li)裝(zhuang)置補充因無電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)放電(dian)(dian)而降(jiang)低除(chu)(chu)塵效(xiao)率。將活性(xing)(xing)炭材料(liao)涂層電(dian)(dian)極引入(ru)靜電(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵過程，確定除(chu)(chu)塵效(xiao)率，去除(chu)(chu)氣體物(wu)(wu)質。為此，將活性(xing)(xing)炭涂在鋁板上作為導體制(zhi)造電(dian)(dian)極。然(ran)后，根(gen)據(ju)各種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)壓和(he)不同數量板的條(tiao)件，確定活性(xing)(xing)炭涂層電(dian)(dian)極的消除(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)和(he)除(chu)(chu)塵效(xiao)率。

　　制備活性炭涂層

　　由于活性炭含(han)有大量的(de)金(jin)屬離(li)子(zi)，當電(dian)流應用(yong)(yong)(yong)于活性炭涂層電(dian)極時，可(ke)能會發(fa)生電(dian)阻。預(yu)處理(li)活性炭以防止(zhi)電(dian)阻，用(yong)(yong)(yong)酸(suan)(suan)溶(rong)液清(qing)洗(xi)以去除任何金(jin)屬離(li)子(zi)。活性炭用(yong)(yong)(yong)100℃用(yong)(yong)(yong)沸(fei)水洗(xi)凈(jing)，然后用(yong)(yong)(yong)沸(fei)鹽(yan)酸(suan)(suan)溶(rong)液(0.1N)洗(xi)滌3次(ci)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)酸(suan)(suan)處理(li)后，用(yong)(yong)(yong)蒸餾水清(qing)洗(xi)干燥(zao)。通過電(dian)感耦(ou)合(he)等離(li)子(zi)體取(qu)酸(suan)(suan)洗(xi)清(qing)液(ICP)金(jin)屬離(li)子(zi)含(han)量分析鑒定。

　　活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)平板電(dian)極(ji)(ji)涂(tu)料(liao)包(bao)括活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)、黑碳(tan)和聚醋(cu)酸(suan)乙烯酯(PVAc)。將酸(suan)處(chu)理活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)與黑碳(tan)混合，降低電(dian)阻，然后(hou)添加(jia)PVAc支撐電(dian)極(ji)(ji)表面(mian)的(de)涂(tu)層。黑碳(tan)和活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)PVAc混合比(bi)來自以(yi)前的(de)研究。將甲(jia)醇(chun)(chun)注入活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)混合物(wu)中，以(yi)確保(bao)電(dian)極(ji)(ji)表面(mian)涂(tu)層均勻，防止其(qi)去除。甲(jia)醇(chun)(chun)注入量通過試驗(yan)評估(gu)溶解(jie)三種(zhong)材料(liao)，對涂(tu)層程序(xu)無(wu)負面(mian)影響。將活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)和活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)作為(wei)電(dian)極(ji)(ji)的(de)內部(bu)比(bi)表面(mian)積進行測量和比(bi)較。

　　活性(xing)炭集塵性(xing)能(neng)測試結果

　　當引入活(huo)性(xing)炭(tan)涂層(ceng)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)時(shi)(shi)，補充現有(you)的(de)靜電(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)技術。金(jin)屬離子通過活(huo)性(xing)炭(tan)預處理去除(chu)(chu)，比表面積增加(jia)(jia)。確定活(huo)性(xing)炭(tan)，黑(hei)碳，PVAc與甲醇對活(huo)性(xing)炭(tan)平(ping)板電(dian)(dian)極(ji)涂層(ceng)材料的(de)*佳混合比，然后(hou)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體去除(chu)(chu)和除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)實(shi)驗(yan)采用制(zhi)(zhi)造電(dian)(dian)極(ji)進行。在(zai)間歇性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體去除(chu)(chu)實(shi)驗(yan)中(zhong)，在(zai)前10秒(miao)內(nei)輕(qing)松去除(chu)(chu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)NH3和H 2S氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體。隨著時(shi)(shi)間的(de)推移(yi)，反應速率(lv)下降。在(zai)集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)研究中(zhong)，確認(ren)高(gao)(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(10kV而(er)不是(shi)5kV)在(zai)這種情況下進行除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)是(shi)有(you)益的(de)，當施加(jia)(jia)更多的(de)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)時(shi)(shi)，除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率(lv)就會提高(gao)(gao)(gao)。除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)量高(gao)(gao)(gao)達90%，進水粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(3000-4000微克/米3)，即使(shi)收集高(gao)(gao)(gao)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)，也(ye)表現出有(you)前途的(de)性(xing)能。