活(huo)性炭涂層電(dian)極去除粉塵

　　除空氣環境中的顆粒(li)物(wu)外，還有二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)氮、一氧(yang)化(hua)碳、二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)碳、碳氫(qing)化(hua)合物(wu)、硫氧(yang)化(hua)物(wu)、臭氧(yang)等各(ge)種污染(ran)物(wu)。這(zhe)些(xie)問題主要來(lai)自車輛廢氣。這(zhe)些(xie)污染(ran)物(wu)對身體有害(hai)。

　　此(ci)外，靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)是(shi)指主(zhu)要用(yong)于上(shang)述空氣(qi)污(wu)染物(wu)(wu)處理顆(ke)粒物(wu)(wu)的空氣(qi)污(wu)染防治設施，包(bao)括靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)。基于重力(li)(li)的除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)可(ke)以用(yong)重力(li)(li)捕(bu)捉(zhuo)灰(hui)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)。雖然不適合去除較(jiao)小的顆(ke)粒，但(dan)以較(jiao)低(di)的操作成本去除較(jiao)大的顆(ke)粒顯(xian)示出(chu)良好(hao)的效率。靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)比其他(ta)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(如過濾除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)、重力(li)(li)除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)和離心(xin)除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen))更(geng)有效，即使是(shi)直徑較(jiao)小的粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)。但(dan)有缺點： 灰(hui)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)收(shou)集(ji)需要高能(neng)量，獨立(li)使用(yong)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統很難去除氣(qi)體(ti)物(wu)(wu)質。此(ci)外，它還產(chan)生(sheng)氮氧化物(wu)(wu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，可(ke)產(chan)生(sheng)被稱為(wei)有害氣(qi)體(ti)物(wu)(wu)質。為(wei)了(le)避免(mian)這一缺點，濕式靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)已經開發出(chu)來，但(dan)也存在清潔(jie)水(shui)滴、除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)板(ban)上(shang)形成干(gan)斑、清潔(jie)水(shui)處理廢水(shui)等問題 。

　　本文介紹了活(huo)性(xing)炭的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(AC)涂層電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)的(de)(de)除塵(chen)系統。活(huo)性(xing)炭具(ju)有(you)(you)內部比表(biao)面積(ji)(ji)大、吸收(shou)能力高(gao)的(de)(de)特點。由于(yu)其(qi)(qi)多孔(kong)性(xing)優點，活(huo)性(xing)炭被(bei)(bei)廣泛用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)吸收(shou)污染物。基(ji)于(yu)雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器的(de)(de)高(gao)比表(biao)面積(ji)(ji)(EDLC)許多研究(jiu)已經(jing)被(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)。EDLC是指(zhi)在固體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質之間產生(sheng)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雙(shuang)層中積(ji)(ji)累電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)的(de)(de)裝置。雖然其(qi)(qi)能量密(mi)度(du)低于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)能量密(mi)度(du)，但快(kuai)速充放可以產生(sheng)優異的(de)(de)功率(lv)密(mi)度(du)特性(xing)來加載即時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。據(ju)認為，使用(yong)(yong)(yong)具(ju)有(you)(you)高(gao)密(mi)度(du)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)的(de)(de)活(huo)性(xing)炭電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)可以在沒有(you)(you)任何(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下達到(dao)預期的(de)(de)除塵(chen)效(xiao)率(lv)，從而(er)耐受有(you)(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)能量使用(yong)(yong)(yong)，防止氮氧化物的(de)(de)產生(sheng)。

　　考慮到活性炭吸收空氣(qi)中(zhong)污染(ran)物(wu)(wu)的(de)特(te)性(xing)(xing)，在靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)過程中(zhong)被(bei)認為(wei)非常適(shi)合除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)和單一工藝(yi)去除(chu)(chu)(chu)氣(qi)體物(wu)(wu)質。此外，引入(ru)重力裝(zhuang)置補充因無電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈放電(dian)(dian)(dian)而降低除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)效率。將活性(xing)(xing)炭材(cai)料涂層電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)引入(ru)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)過程，確定(ding)除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)效率，去除(chu)(chu)(chu)氣(qi)體物(wu)(wu)質。為(wei)此，將活性(xing)(xing)炭涂在鋁板上作為(wei)導體制造(zao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)。然(ran)后，根據各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和不同數量板的(de)條(tiao)件(jian)，確定(ding)活性(xing)(xing)炭涂層電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)的(de)消除(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)和除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)效率。

　　制備活性炭涂層

　　由于(yu)活性(xing)炭(tan)含有大量(liang)的金屬離(li)(li)(li)子，當電(dian)流應用(yong)于(yu)活性(xing)炭(tan)涂層(ceng)電(dian)極時，可能會發生電(dian)阻。預(yu)處(chu)理(li)活性(xing)炭(tan)以(yi)防止電(dian)阻，用(yong)酸(suan)溶液(ye)清(qing)洗(xi)以(yi)去除任何金屬離(li)(li)(li)子。活性(xing)炭(tan)用(yong)100℃用(yong)沸(fei)水洗(xi)凈，然后用(yong)沸(fei)鹽酸(suan)溶液(ye)(0.1N)洗(xi)滌3次(ci)。用(yong)酸(suan)處(chu)理(li)后，用(yong)蒸餾水清(qing)洗(xi)干(gan)燥。通過電(dian)感耦(ou)合(he)等離(li)(li)(li)子體取酸(suan)洗(xi)清(qing)液(ye)(ICP)金屬離(li)(li)(li)子含量(liang)分(fen)析鑒定(ding)。

　　活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)平板電極(ji)涂(tu)料包括(kuo)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)、黑(hei)碳和(he)聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc)。將酸處理活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)與黑(hei)碳混合(he)，降低電阻，然后添加PVAc支撐電極(ji)表(biao)面的(de)涂(tu)層。黑(hei)碳和(he)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)PVAc混合(he)比(bi)來自以前的(de)研究。將甲(jia)醇注入(ru)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)混合(he)物(wu)中，以確保電極(ji)表(biao)面涂(tu)層均勻，防止其(qi)去(qu)除。甲(jia)醇注入(ru)量通過試驗評估溶解三種材料，對涂(tu)層程(cheng)序無負面影響(xiang)。將活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)和(he)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)作為電極(ji)的(de)內(nei)部(bu)比(bi)表(biao)面積進行測量和(he)比(bi)較(jiao)。

　　活性炭集塵性能(neng)測試(shi)結果

　　當引入活(huo)(huo)性(xing)炭(tan)(tan)涂層電(dian)(dian)極(ji)時，補充現有的靜電(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)技(ji)術(shu)。金屬離子通過(guo)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)炭(tan)(tan)預(yu)處理(li)去(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)，比(bi)表面積(ji)增加。確(que)定活(huo)(huo)性(xing)炭(tan)(tan)，黑碳，PVAc與(yu)甲(jia)醇對活(huo)(huo)性(xing)炭(tan)(tan)平板電(dian)(dian)極(ji)涂層材料的*佳混(hun)合比(bi)，然(ran)后制作電(dian)(dian)極(ji)。氣(qi)體去(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)和除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)實驗采用制造電(dian)(dian)極(ji)進行。在間歇(xie)性(xing)氣(qi)體去(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)實驗中(zhong)，在前(qian)10秒內(nei)輕松去(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)高(gao)(gao)濃度NH3和H 2S氣(qi)體。隨著時間的推移，反(fan)應速率下降(jiang)。在集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)研究中(zhong)，確(que)認高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓(10kV而不是(shi)5kV)在這種情況下進行除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)是(shi)有益的，當施加更多的電(dian)(dian)極(ji)時，除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效率就(jiu)會提高(gao)(gao)。除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)量高(gao)(gao)達90%，進水(shui)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)濃度高(gao)(gao)(3000-4000微克/米3)，即使收集高(gao)(gao)濃度粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)，也(ye)表現出(chu)有前(qian)途的性(xing)能。